Conditions that are not cancer

Epididymo-orchitis
Epididymo-orchitis is common in young men aged 15-30. It is a condition where either the epididymis (the tube that collects sperm) or testicle, or both, become inflamed. This is usually caused by an infection, like a urinary infection or a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Swelling happens quickly and is painful. It can take a few weeks to go away completely. Doctors usually prescribe strong antibiotics to treat it.
Epididymal cysts
Epididymal cysts usually develop in adults and may take many years to form. These are quite common and are small, fluid filled sacs often about the size of a pea, but they can be bigger. They are smooth and round and found at the head of the epididymis, not on the testicle itself. Epididymal cysts which contain clear fluid or sperm are not cancer and usually don’t need treatment. But if they get big or cause pain, they can be removed with surgery.
Hydrocele
A fluid-filled sac inside the scrotum helps the testicles move freely. Sometimes, extra clear fluid builds up around the testicle, which is called a hydrocele. A hydrocele will often feel like a small fluid-filled balloon and rarely causes symptoms unless it becomes big. If a hydrocele gets too big or uncomfortable, it can be drained or removed with surgery. If it appears suddenly, it's a good idea to see a doctor to make sure there are no other problems with the testicle.
Varicocele
Varicoceles can affect men of all ages. It happens when the veins in the scrotum get bigger, like varicose veins in the legs. The cause isn’t exactly known. They can be different sizes and usually don’t hurt, but some may cause a heavy or ‘dragging’ feeling. Treatment is rarely needed. Varicoceles are usually found in the left side of the scrotum.

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